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This randomized phase III trial studies digital tomosynthesis mammography and digital mammography in screening patients for breast cancer. Screening for breast cancer with tomosynthesis mammography may be superior to digital mammography for breast cancer screening and may help reduce the need for additional imaging or treatment.

This trial uses fluid measurements of the arm and MRI to determine biomarkers of lymphatic dysfunction in patients with breast cancer. Studying the lymphatic system (the part of your body that helps to process and clear waste products) in different ways will help doctors understand more about lymphedema (excess fluid after lymph nodes are removed) and help with prevention and management of lymphedema in patients with breast cancer.

This phase II trial compares the effect of capecitabine to endocrine therapy in patients with non-Luminal A hormone receptor-positive breast cancer that has spread from where it first started (primary site) to other places in the body (metastatic). In this study, patients submit a sample of tumor for testing to determine if their breast cancer is considered non-Luminal A. Only patients with non-Luminal A receive study treatment. In the future, doctors hope that this test can assist in picking the best treatment for patients with this type of cancer. Capecitabine is in a class of medications called antimetabolites. It is taken up by tumor cells and breaks down into fluorouracil, a substance that kills tumor cells. Endocrine therapy is treatment that adds, blocks, or removes hormones. To slow or stop the growth of certain cancers (such as prostate and breast cancer), synthetic hormones or other drugs may be given to block the body's natural hormones. Giving capecitabine as compared to endocrine therapy may kill more tumor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

This phase II trial studies the effects of niraparib in combination with dostarlimab prior to surgery in treating BRCA-mutated or PALB2-mutated stage I-III breast cancer. Niraparib is a PARP inhibitor, which means that it blocks an enzyme (proteins that help chemical reactions in the body occur) in cells called PARP. PARP helps repair deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) when it becomes damaged. Blocking PARP may help keep cancer cells from repairing their damaged DNA, causing them to die. PARP inhibitors are a type of targeted therapy. Dostarlimab stimulates the immune system by blocking the PD-1 pathway. The PD-1 pathway controls the bodys natural immune response, but for some types of cancer, the immune system does not work as it should and is prevented from attacking tumors. Dostarlimab works by blocking the PD-1 pathway, which may help your immune system identify and catch tumor cells. Giving niraparib in combination with dostarlimab may work better against the tumor and maximize tumor shrinkage before surgery.

This phase II trial studies how well the combination of avelumab with liposomal doxorubicin with or without binimetinib, or the combination of avelumab with sacituzumab govitecan works in treating patients with triple negative breast cancer that is stage IV or is not able to be removed by surgery (unresectable) and has come back (recurrent). Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors like avelumab require activation of the patient's immune system. This trial includes a two week induction or lead-in of medications that can stimulate the immune system. It is our hope that this induction will improve the response to immunotherapy with avelumab. One treatment, sacituzumab govitecan, is a monoclonal antibody called sacituzumab linked to a chemotherapy drug called SN-38. Sacituzumab govitecan is a form of targeted therapy because it attaches to specific molecules (receptors) on the surface of tumor cells, known as TROP2 receptors, and delivers SN-38 to kill them. Another treatment, liposomal doxorubicin, is a form of the anticancer drug doxorubicin that is contained in very tiny, fat-like particles. It may have fewer side effects and work better than doxorubicin, and may enhance factors associated with immune response. The third medication is called binimetinib, which may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth, and may help activate the immune system. It is not yet known whether giving avelumab in combination with liposomal doxorubicin with or without binimetinib, or the combination of avelumab with sacituzumab govitecan will work better in treating patients with triple negative breast cancer.

This phase II trial studies how well talazoparib works for the treatment of breast cancer with a BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene mutation that has spread to other places in the body (metastatic). Talazoparib is a study drug that inhibits (stops) the normal activity of certain proteins called poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases also called PARPs. PARPs are proteins that help repair deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mutations. PARP inhibitors, such as talazoparib, can keep PARP from working, so tumor cells can't repair themselves, and they may stop growing. PARPs are needed to repair mistakes that can happen in DNA when cells divide. If the mistakes are not repaired, the defective cell will usually die and be replaced. Cells with mistakes in their DNA that do not die can become tumor cells. Tumor cells may be killed by a study drug, like talazoparib, that stops the normal activity of PARPs. Talazoparib may be effective in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

This phase II trial studies how well ruxolitinib before surgery works in preventing breast cancer in patients with high risk and precancerous breast conditions. Ruxolitinib may changes the breast cell when administered to participants with precancerous breast conditions. Ruxolitinib may stop the growth of cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth.